All of the following statements are true regarding long bones EXCEPT
A.
The diaphysis is composed of compact bone.
B.
The epiphysis consists of spongy bone.
C.
Most bones of the axial skeleton are of this type.
D.
The central shaft encases the medullary canal
Correct Answer: C
Explanation:
Long bones are characterized by a diaphysis (shaft) made primarily of compact bone, epiphyses (ends) that consist mainly of spongy bone, and a medullary canal enclosed within the central shaft. These features make statements A, B, and D true. However, most bones of the axial skeleton (skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum) are not long bones; they are primarily flat or irregular bones. Long bones are found mainly in the appendicular skeleton, such as the femur, tibia, humerus, and radius. Therefore, C is the false statement (EXCEPT).
Question #2 (Topic: demo questions)
Aclient in your exercise class has been complaining of back pain with no ridiculer symptoms. This
person has been treated medically and is now joining the exercise program to improve flexibility in
the low back. Which exercise would be most appropriate for this person to address the stated goal?
A.
Hip flexor stretch.
B.
Knee-to-chest stretch.
C.
Gastrocnemius stretch.
D.
Lateral trunk stretch
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
The knee-to-chest stretch is the most appropriate exercise for a client with non-radicular low back pain who wants to improve lower back flexibility. This stretch gently flexes the lumbar spine and helps reduce tightness in the muscles and soft tissues of the lower back, improving mobility while placing minimal stress on the spine. In contrast, the hip flexor stretch primarily targets the front of the hip, the gastrocnemius stretch targets the calf muscles, and the lateral trunk stretch mainly improves flexibility of the sides of the trunk rather than directly addressing lumbar flexibility. Therefore, B is the best choice.
Question #3 (Topic: demo questions)
Inthe organization of skeletal muscle, the muscle cell contains the contractile proteins. Which of the
following is a contractile protein?
A.
Myosin.
B.
Muscle fascicle.
C.
Myofibril.
D.
Muscle fiber.
Correct Answer: A
Explanation:
Myosin is one of the two primary contractile proteins in skeletal muscle (the other is actin). It forms the thick filaments within the sarcomere and interacts with actin to produce muscle contraction. In contrast, a muscle fascicle is a bundle of muscle fibers, a myofibril is a rod-like structure inside a muscle fiber that contains the contractile proteins, and a muscle fiber is the muscle cell itself. Therefore, A. Myosin is the only option that is a contractile protein.
Question #4 (Topic: demo questions)
Functions of bone include all of the following EXCEPT
A.
Support for the body.
B.
Protection of organs and tissues.
C.
Production of red blood cells.
D.
Production of force
Correct Answer: D
Explanation:
Bones perform several essential functions, including supporting the body, protecting vital organs and tissues, and producing red blood cells in the red bone marrow (hematopoiesis). They also store minerals such as calcium and phosphorus and serve as levers for movement. However, bones do not produce force. The skeletal muscles generate force through contraction, while bones simply provide the framework and attachment sites that allow movement to occur. Therefore, D. Production of force is the correct EXCEPT answer.
Question #5 (Topic: demo questions)
TheC-shaped cartilages of the trachea allow all of the following to occur EXCEPT
A.
Ciliated movement of mucus-secreting cells.
B.
Distention of the esophagus.
C.
Maintenance of open airway.
D.
Prevention of tracheal collapse during pres- sure changes.
Correct Answer: C
Explanation:
The C-shaped cartilages of the trachea provide structural support by maintaining an open airway, preventing the trachea from collapsing during pressure changes, and allowing the esophagus to expand (distend) during swallowing because the cartilage rings are open posteriorly. However, they do not control the movement of mucus. The movement of mucus is performed by the ciliated epithelial cells lining the trachea, which beat rhythmically to move mucus and trapped particles toward the throat. Therefore, A. Ciliated movement of mucus-secreting cells is the correct EXCEPT answer.