An employee is motivated by prosperity, economic success, well-being, world peace, and autonomy and self-reliance in the workplace. Which of the employee’s motives is an instrumental value?
Correct Answer: C
Explanation:
Instrumental values are the preferred modes of behavior or means of achieving the terminal values (the end goals). Autonomy and self-reliance are modes of behavior that individuals value to achieve their desired end goals, such as prosperity, economic success, well-being, and world peace. These behaviors guide how individuals conduct themselves to attain their objectives. In contrast, prosperity, economic success, well-being, and world peace are terminal values, representing the end states or goals individuals strive to achieve. Reference: Robbins, S.P. & Judge, T.A. (2019). Organizational Behavior, 18th Edition. Pearson.
Question 2
Fulfilling a social desire such as affection, acceptance, friendship, or a sense of belonging is an example of which theory? Select one.
Correct Answer: A
Explanation:
Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a theory in psychology that categorizes human needs into five levels, with social needs being one of them. These needs include affection, acceptance, friendship, and a sense of belonging. According to Maslow, fulfilling these social needs is essential for individuals to move on to higher levels of the hierarchy, such as esteem and self-actualization. Reference: Maslow, A.H. (1943). "A Theory of Human Motivation." Psychological Review, 50(4), 370- 396. This seminal paper introduces the hierarchy of needs, explaining each level and its significance in human motivation.
Question 3
A person wants a comfortable life, a sense of accomplishment, and happiness. Which type of values arethese? Select one.
Correct Answer: A
Explanation:
Terminal values are the end goals that people strive to achieve in their lives. These include a comfortable life, a sense of accomplishment, and happiness. Terminal values represent the desired states or life goals that individuals aim to fulfill. In contrast, instrumental values are the means or behaviors used to achieve these end goals, such as honesty, hard work, and responsibility. Reference: Rokeach, M. (1973). "The Nature of Human Values." Free Press. This foundational work distinguishes between terminal and instrumental values.
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